Articol susținut de S.N.O.M.R.

Isabela Anda Komporaly 1,2, Adelina Silvana Gheorghe 3,*, Lidia Anca Kajanto 1,3,*, Elena Adriana Iovănescu1, Bogdan Georgescu 1,4, Raluca Ioana Mihăilă 1,3, Andreea Mihaela Radu 1,5, Daniela Luminița Zob 6, Mara Mădălina Mihai 7,8, Mihai Teodor Georgescu 1,9 Dana Lucia Stănculeanu 1,3

1. Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
2. Memorial Hospital, 013812 Bucharest, Romania
3. Department of Medical Oncology I, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
4. Neolife Hospital, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
5. MedEuropa Clinic, 022343 Bucharest, Romania
6. Department of Medical Oncology II, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
7. Department of Oncologic Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
8. Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
9. Department of Radiotherapy II, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. These authors contributed equally to this work.

JCR - Q2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna11060078

Abstract:
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with treatment resistance and tumor heterogeneity posing major clinical challenges. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, have emerged as key players in breast cancer biology, influencing tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance.
This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on the involvement of miRNAs in breast cancer subtypes and their impact on treatment response. Notably, miR-155, miR-503, and miR-21 have shown potential as non-invasive biomarkers and modulators of pathways such as PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and TNF signaling.
Additionally, exosomal miRNAs may reflect chemoresistance profiles and predict pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy. Emerging data also support the use of specific miRNAs to sensitize tumors to radiotherapy or modulate immune checkpoints like PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer. However, challenges persist regarding standardization, sample types, and study heterogeneity.
Further translational research is needed to validate miRNA signatures and their utility in guiding personalized treatment. By highlighting mechanistic insights and potential clinical applications, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts of integrating miRNAs into precision oncology for breast cancer.